What appears to be issue numbers, the four digit numbers on on the left hand side of the label, are just the master numbers of the two recordings used on each disc.
Disc 1 cat. #: 1701
A (B01 label / B 01 deadwax) I am not sure if this is the same recording as that which was issued on Bel-Tone E-0259
B (B17 label / BT-17-2) = Bel-Tone E-0262
Tex Travers (aka Tem Martin) is Merle Travis
I've been researching Gold Seal for a while now, but from the jazz/R&B end, so the Country releases have been the ones I knew the least about. Still, I can help here on a couple of topics. Numbers such as 1701, 2829, and 6869 were definitely the Gold Seal release numbers (two not shown on this site, also reissued from Bel-Tone, are 7262 and 5657). Second, there is a copy of the Cowboy Songs album in the National Museum of American History. According the NMAH site, the 4 78s were Gold Seal 1701 by Tex Travers and the Sunshine Girls, 4849 by Herman the Hermit, 6365 by Eddie Dean (i.e., neither of those shown here), and 6869 by Monte Hale. I've been working on my own Gold Seal page (http://myweb.clemson.edu/~campber/goldseal.html) and am hoping to trade some photos with HBRALLLAN. I will be linking to this site from mine, but if I can display full-size images in place of inconsistently available thumbnails, I would prefer that.
Any Herman the Hermit Gold Seal disc might have been the one that "went missing" and was replaced with a second Eddie Dean. Of course, it ought to have Cliffie Stone's orchestra and the songs should fit the Cowboy Songs theme. It would also more-than-likely have one of the non-series ID numbers made by pairing the mx numbers for the two sides. The complete lack of a titles list is surprising, not to mention unusual. Unless we can find a catalog listing or something in the trade press, we may never know for sure what the proper contents of the album are. I suppose it is even possible that the jackets were not intended to contain a specific set of discs but were made to house a selection of Gold Seal records chosen by the customer from among their range of similar records. In that case, your four could be the original four for this jacket. If you bought the jacket second-hand, however, my money would still be on the replacement record scenario. I've seen quite a few such patched-together albums over the years.
Unfortunately there is no note of the records actually included in the album. The four 78's that I listed are those which came with the album when I purchased it some twenty years ago. Therefore I assumed, a flawed assumption it would appear, that the four records were those which came with the original album. Slholzer's observation that Herman The Hermit was listed on the cover but there was no record by him in the set, was something that I must confess I had overlooked and would agree with Slholzer that one of the Eddie Dean 78's was not part of the original album. Perhaps Gold Seal 4849 by Herman The Hermit (Cliffie Stonehead's father) which I posted yesterday was the missing disc?
I was confused by HBRALLAN's notes at first. I think he means that the numbers on the left hand side are not numerical issue numbers, as they are created by joining the two two-digit matrix numbers into one 4-digit number. I think, however, that since they are the only feature on the record by which the individual disc can be identified, that they are in fact meant to serve as issue numbers. Just don't expect to find a 1702 or other consecutive number out there.
I suspect that at least one of these discs (probably one of the Eddie Deans) has replaced one of the original discs in the album. Note that the cover lists four artists besides Cliffie Stone's Orchestra, one of whom, Herman The Hermit, is not represented among the discs illustrated. There is nothing on any of the discs to indicate their proper inclusion in the album, nor is there a title list on the illustrated cover to establish the proper contents of the album. Perhaps there i such a list on the back cover?