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Notes cover price: 15 cents cover: Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur (1880–1964) was an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines. (His father Arthur MacArthur Jr. has previously been awarded the same medal.) Raised in a military family in Texas, he graduated top of his class at the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1903. During World War I, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross twice and the Silver Star seven times. From 1919 to 1922, he served as Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy. In 1925, he became the Army's youngest major general. He retired from the US Army in 1937 but was recalled to active duty in 1941 as commander of United States Army Forces in the Far East. His forces were soon compelled to withdraw from the Philippines, first to Bataan in 1942, and then to Australia, where he became Supreme Commander, Southwest Pacific Area. After more than two years of fighting in the Pacific, he returned to the Philippines. For his defense of the Philippines, MacArthur was awarded the Medal of Honor. He officially accepted the surrender of Japan in 1945 aboard the USS Missouri, which was anchored in Tokyo Bay, and he oversaw the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951. He led the United Nations Command in the Korean War with initial success; however, the controversial invasion of North Korea provoked Chinese intervention, and a series of major defeats. MacArthur was removed from command in a controversial decision by President Harry S. Truman in 1951. Images
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