(as it happens, I will be visiting London shortly, so this is something that I might be able to chase up).
Very much looking forward to it! This stuff is truly fascinating, if only for a tiny handful people in the world.
I'm not sure that the paid ads by E.M.I. showing it as EMI were mistakes – this was just a small cross-section of them, there are many others I could have referenced. The record ads seem to have been knocked up by EMI's own publicity department, as they had a quite consistent graphic style. But I guess we won't be finding out with certainty.
EMI's own archive in London is fabulous, according to people who have done research there – basically it has everything imaginable to do with the company itself and the various companies it absorbed over the years, from the late 19th century onwards. Probably also whatever internal memos were prepared on the use of the company names and on the various changes of name. I don't know if the breakup of EMI has affected access, though.
Hi Boursin, unfortunately the Companies House online records seem to be a bit limited, and I can find no trace of the old E.M.I. Records Limited. Even for current companies that may have changed their names, it seems that they don't show name changes older than 20 years. What I can tell you is that the 1973 EMI Records Limited was renamed to Parlophone Records Limited on 4th June 2013, as a result of the EMI breakup and Warner Music Group purchase. The original incorporation date, however, is still shown as 10th December 1900, which I think is the original incorp date of The Gramophone Company Limited (or whatever name it originally was - I have copies of the change of name from "Gramophone and Typewriter LImited" to "The Gramophone Company Limited" in Novermber 1907, but I can't find any document with the 1900 date).
As for all those articles and ads showing EMI without the dots pre-1973, I think those are probably mistakes by journalists, advertising agents, whoever - everything I've ever seen on a release from the company has E.M.I. with the dots in the actual company name, but some if the logos have it as EMI, including their 1963 main catalogue in my possession, which has an oval-shaped logo saying EMI on the front cover, an older "button" style box EMI logo on an inside page, but that same page says "Made in Great Britain for E.M.I. Records Ltd. (controlled by Electric & Musical Industries Ltd.). My feeling is that the old E.M.I. Records Limited bit the dust in 1973 when TGCL became EMI Records Limited, but it would probably take a visit to Companies House to confirm it (as it happens, I will be visiting London shortly, so this is something that I might be able to chase up). Anyway, it seems to me that, before July 1973, The Gramophone Company Limited and E.M.I. Records Limited operated side-by-side, and in 1973 the former became EMI Records Limited and the latter folded or renamed to something else. In operational terms, there was probably no noticeable difference between the old and new companies, it was just a tiny legal distinction. I've seen similar things for other companies as well - in the USA, Phonogram, Inc. was renamed to PolyGram Records, Inc. in July 1981, that registration was terminated on February 3 1984, and on the same day the former Chappell & Co., Inc. was renamed to PolyGram Records, Inc.! (Since renamed to UMG Recordings, Inc. on December 20, 1999). And I seem to remember something similar here in Australia for the former CBS Records Australia when it became Sony Music, I think the Sony company was something other than the CBS Records company renamed. All very confusing!
That is interesting, and it was new information to me. But what do the documents from Companies House say about the fate of E.M.I. Records Ltd., then? In particular, what were its activities subsequent to July 1973?
The name "EMI Records Ltd." or "EMI Records Limited", with no dots, was used in many different contexts beginning already in 1957.
Melody Maker, 21 September 1957, p. 13, ad for Ray Anthony on Capitol: "EMI RECORDS LTD (controlled by Electric & Musical Industries Ltd)"
The Guardian, 11 December 1959, p. 4, recruitment ad of Electric & Musical Industries: "'His Master's Voice', Columbia, Parlophone, Capitol, MGM, Mercury and Emarcy – these world-famous labels are all issued by EMI Records Ltd."
New Musical Express, 19 August 1960, p. 9, ad for seven LPs on five labels: "EMI Records Ltd."
The Times, 10 December 1962, p. 15, ad in business pages summarising annual report of Electric & Musical Industries: "EMI Records Ltd. won 9 out of 15 National Record Awards by the Gramophone Record Retailers Association."
New Musical Express, 25 September 1964, p. 4, ad for Shirley Bassey on Columbia: "EMI RECORDS LIMITED"
Melody Maker, 25 May 1968, p. 11, ad for twelve singles on six labels: "EMI Records Limited"
And so on.
The 1973 change may have been technically implemented by renaming The Gramophone Co. Ltd. into EMI Records Ltd., but this was for all intents and purposes a continuation of the old EMI Records Ltd. which had operated for more than sixteen years by that time. It may have been registered back in 1957 as "E.M.I. Records Ltd.", but EMI itself used the name in many contexts prior to 1973 without the dots. And for reasons of trademark law alone, two companies with only an orthographic difference between their names cannot function at the same time.
Sorry Boursin, but I have to correct you. The pre-1973 holding company was E.M.I. Records Limited (note the dots in the name), and I have a copy of the document (held at Companies House UK) showing the change of name of The Gramophone Company Limited to EMI Records Limited (no dots) on 1st July 1973.
At the start of the copyright warning which runs around the label clockwise(or around the top), on HMV the words "The Gramophone Co, Ltd.", on Columbia the words "Columbia Graphophone Ltd." and on Parlophone the words "The Parlophone Co. Ltd.". These are seen mainly on mid-60s vintage issues
All labels from the start of 45 RPM issues in 1953 showed "The Gramophone Co. Ltd." on HMV, "Columbia Graphophone Co. Ltd." (not "Columbia Graphophone Ltd.") on Columbia, and "The Parlophone Co. Ltd." on Parlophone. The mid-1960s were when the latter two disappeared from the labels, shortly after Columbia Graphophone Co. Ltd. and The Parlophone Co. Ltd. were merged with The Gramophone Co. Ltd. in July 1965.
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but, I think, about 1969 or so the individual company names were replaced by "EMI Records Ltd." then, that rectangular EMI logo began to appear at the bottom of the three main labels
Its appearance on LP labels in 1969, and on singles labels in 1971, was completely unrelated to the end of the old EMI company names, two of which already disappeared in 1965 and the third not until 1973. After having absorbed Columbia and Parlophone in 1965, The Gramophone Co. Ltd. was itself folded in July 1973 into EMI Records Ltd.
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July 1973 was when The Gramophone Company Limited became EMI Records Limited.
Wrong: that was the date when the latter swallowed up the former. EMI Records Ltd. as such had existed ever since April 1957 as the holding company for EMI's various record interests. Long before 1973, its name appeared not just on Stateside and Tamla Motown singles (and the 1958–63 Mercury singles), but also on the back side of the LP, EP and singles sleeves on all of EMI's labels beginning in 1957.
This Shirley Bassey LP, by the way, was released sometime in late 1974, judging by the catalogue number. The previous number, SCX 6568, is an LP of the 1974 Royal Tournament. In 1968, the series had only reached around SCX 6300.
What I was talking about, Phil, was the labels of the two "flagship" brands and of the third, Parlophone. The "flagship" brands were, of course, HMV and Columbia. So, you live in Australia now, I figure you've probably brought some records with you from England, have a look at the EMI black-labelled HMV, Columbia and Parlophone records, singles and EPs or LPs of whatever design and you'll see what I mean. At the start of the copyright warning which runs around the label clockwise(or around the top), on HMV the words "The Gramophone Co, Ltd.", on Columbia the words "Columbia Graphophone Ltd." and on Parlophone the words "The Parlophone Co. Ltd.". These are seen mainly on mid-60s vintage issues but, I think, about 1969 or so the individual company names were replaced by "EMI Records Ltd." then, that rectangular EMI logo began to appear at the bottom of the three main labels but not on Stateside or Tamla/Motown. In the mid-sixties these labels had "Made In Gt. Britain" around the top edge and "EMI Records Ltd." around the bottom edge, both in slightly bolder print than that of the copyright warning. I have several examples of British HMV, Columbia, Parlophone, Stateside and Tamla/Motown 45s so I have something, from which to draw on for descriptions.
EMI logos (either the older globe-and-record one, or the later box one) have been appearing on sleeves since at least the early 60's (probably even the late 50's ) - even US Capitol LP's had them - but they were only to indicate EMI's ownership of the actual branded labels. EMI as a label wasn't until 1973, but even after that, EMI should only be used as a label if there is no other logo present.
Neil - I was born in England, but now live in Oz.
TheJudge - that LP with the Parlophone sticker sounds like an export to somewhere where EMI didn't own the Columbia name, like the Americas or Far East - Cliff Richard was on Parlophone in The Philippines, for example.
Every pic I've been able to find has shown the front cover with EMI and Columbia logos on it (except for one which - bizarrely - shows a Parlophone logo, but apparently on a sticker over where the Columbia logo was). Bearing in mind the date, then I'm changing the label to Columbia.
Phil, technically speaking, EMI was EMI since 1938 but the two halves of it had effectively kept their own identity within the amalgamation, Columbia Graphophone Ltd.(yes, Graphophone, not Gramophone, as some often called it), and The Gramophone Co. Ltd. And not forgetting The Parlophone Co. Ltd. Look at some of your 60s-vintage 45s(assuming you're in England), around the edge of the labels of the HMV, Columbia and Parlophone labels, you won't see EMI anywhere on them. But the EMI logo started appearing on those three labels from 1971. I have a British issue of "Softly Whispering I Love You"/"When Susie Takes The Plane" by The Congregation from 1971 that has the EMI trademark(logo) at the bottom of the label.
Make that late January 1973 for the EMI label according to this Billboard article - July 1973 was when The Gramophone Company Limited became EMI Records Limited.
The catalogue number suggests that the label should be Columbia - EMI wasn't a label until July 1973 (though they did put their logo on covers and labels before that, to indicate that the label was part of the EMI group).